Array & String Problems

In DNA analysis systems, repeated markers often appear next to each other. Instead of storing every marker individually, we can summarize consecutive identical markers using a compact format.

Run-Length Encoding (RLE) is a simple and highly efficient lossless data compression technique. It works by replacing consecutive, repeating characters (or "runs") with a single character and a count of how many times it repeats. For example, the string `AAABBBBBBBAAA` transforms into `3A7B3A`.